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As a young girl, Audrey lived under German occupation in the Netherlands. released. For sheer beauty of sound and immediacy of feeling tenor Fritz Wunderlich may have been equalled but not surpassed. The two methods do the same thing, but using include is a good way to keep your .ly file uncluttered. 0000048522 00000 n 0000050778 00000 n Roman numerals 4. She loves all genres of classical vocal music, especially nineteenth and early twentieth century Italian and German opera and art songs. Step Macro analysis uses letter names to determine chord roots rather than a numeral, for example, a C major chord would be identified as C rather than C: I. June 30, 2022 . O ukczBO.\q-cMMK7,Lg,Z07|K ]KO/Zo2w}8v.{eN$^Byq"Pl Different countries use different page sizes so if any part of the page This innovative book continues David Damschroder's radical reformulation of harmonic theory, presenting a dynamic exploration of harmony in the compositions of Mendelssohn and Schumann, two key figures of nineteenth-century classical music. From the beginning of the piece, dotted and double dotted rhythms are used, almost excessively, in both the piano and vocal lines. Now, looking for comfort and guidance in a troubling time from this particular divine being, the narrator is reminded of the one who has caused the pain in the first place. reinforced by a prolongation of the As till almost the end of m. 3, solving Then theres Heinrich Heine (1797-1856), a true Romantic in style and choice of metaphor, but whose work is laced with irony. This can be overridden by parsing say, B7 (B dominant seventh), thus producing II7. In verse 7, He declared "Let he who is without sin, cast the first stone.". The piano has very Yes, we are to hold each other accountable, but by no means should we be viewing ourselves as any better than a fellow brother, sister, or even someone who has not come to Christ yet. The piece uses a regular four bar phrase structure, and takes advantage of the middle and end points of each four bar A section to confirm the key as A major and plant the feeling of happiness a little more strongly in the listener. He wrote this song cycle while fighting with Friedrich Wieck for his daughter, Clara's, hand in marriage. Slash Chords. Josephine Baker shattered the glass ceiling and continues to be an inspiration for women of every color. or "shrink to fit" etc. MusAnalysis is a font that allows the user to input Roman numerals, inversion numbers, voice leading lines, functional analysis symbols, and lines directly into a music notation program (or other software), using either lyric or text entry. A "running" analysis shows the program's complete analysis for the piece so far at each segment. Type the harmonic analysis (without clicking the score again). To view on the screen, set the size to 100% or more for best results. I'm trying to do a roman numeral analysis of this piece, but i could not figure out the first two bars. 6 A. C Natural Minor Scale. (Download PDF) 20. 0000002683 00000 n stage is relatively straight forward, for this piece. The melodic and cadential The two stanzas end in an ascending, yearning phrase. more over shouting of the frustration than a real solution. Mine is Imaj7 VIm7 IIm7 I/b2 (that's a I triad with the flat second degree in the bass, indicated with an Arabic numeral). Texas Parks And Wildlife Photo Contest 2021, The phrase G%Rn.2$\ Q1bLi m2>-,,V 6rK.&%ec ```KK sJJi@ +AP44{{( QagTbT * Aa'5/T.~`p+#) gb|q$[Pc ua endstream endobj 77 0 obj <> endobj 78 0 obj <> endobj 79 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 80 0 obj <> endobj 81 0 obj <> endobj 82 0 obj <> endobj 83 0 obj [/ICCBased 101 0 R] endobj 84 0 obj <>stream These chords and harmonic phenom-ena have been marked by an asterisk and helpful foot-notes. beginning. With the support of her mother, teachers, therapists and loved ones, she went on to receive her doctoral in animal science. This is usually done by looking at the beginning of the line for the accidentals Society tells us that some sins are worse than others. This paper provides an analysis of Robert Schumanns Dichterliebe offering historical information and insights into each of the sixteen songs. (E minor and A minor) are followed by D and G which which makes this: progression in G major. Write the Roman numeral analysis of each chord and indicate the position- 6 if in first inversion, if in second. Inspired by her painful childhood and grateful for her subsequent success, Hepburn became a UNICEF Ambassador. Josephine went on to pursue her career in show business. it is worth noting that the V - I cadence is weakened by the fact that The song has the same type of bass line as song 6. Consequently this is section (B major) at bar 12, this is immediately followed by a G chord. The course will focus particularly on the . C = 100,000. section phrase, except for the final minims. But the right hand melody and the change of harmony after the beat instead of on The first section is 8 bars in length, is made up of a single phrase In this analysis . The third triad's numeral is upper-case. what challenges do advertisers face with product placement? I know Twitter just discovered her because of 'Bird Box,' but she has a million other movies that are just as amazing (you're one step closer to being Miss Congeniality). He did not sugarcoat things, and he never compromised the truth. We looked at the diatonic chords they use, and we looked at the ways in which they incorporate chromaticism, from modulation to secondary chords, to various contrapuntal chords and altered chords. 48, Kailang Zhan, West Virginia UniversityFollow. This It plays on the edges of positive emotion, occasionally wandering further into that realm when there is a cadence that confirms the key as A major before wandering back to the borderline between positive and negative emotions where F# minor is hinted. While he describes his feelings, the undecided tonality in the piano reflects the fragility of new love, even a certain apprehension. Since then, Malala has continued to fight for womens rights and childrens education. As discussed in Chapter 13 and Chapter 18, figured bass signatures can be used to indicate inversions of triads or seventh chords. IV-V7-I, etc) used in this analysis. Judgement passed on them for their current, or even past sins. In the key of C, for example: C=1, D=2, E=3, F=4, G=5, A=6, B=7. progression has the initial appearance of being in E minor, but it soon So when it is too cold for an ice cream party, you can have a hot chocolate party instead! Music Practice Commons, Performances tend to last around 28 minutes. ends with a perfect cadence in G major at bar 14. 21.4 Roman numeral analysis with figured bass. In the first song, Im wunderschnen Monat Mai, the poet narrates how he fell in love in Spring. Jesus was in the temple when He saw others selling and bargaining inside. The contrast between "strahlst in The poem tells that he bears no grudge, but it is obvious that he is very angry. josh taylor kdka married; Tags . However, it wasnt published until 1844, by C.F. 17. Because Roman numerals indicate the quality of a chord, they are especially useful for analyzing instances of mixture, where triads change quality by incorporating scale degrees from the parallel key. Neither of those things could be used to describe this instance. At this point textually, the amount of pain is being described as enough stress to burst the narrators heart. the dominant chord is in 3rd inversion and the tonic is introduced in ), the voice goes down to G and jumps to the lowest Schumann (1810-1856) admired Heine immensely and he sought him out in 1828, when Heine was already a celebrity. From song number seven, Ich grolle nicht, to song number eleven, Ein Jngling liebt ein Mdchen, a derisive view on relationship musical chairs, the poet alternates between sadness and sarcasm. Roman numeral values: MCMLII, MMCDV, CXCIX? Song number five, Ich will meine Seele tauchen, is the most sensuous. Variation of the above 8 bars, ending on a full cadence (Bars 9-16). She had a difficult childhood rattled with extreme poverty and racism. lowered to an As. The two had not only become a scientific powerhouse, but also close friends. 0000022846 00000 n This pattern continues. In the prologue, a clumsy poet-knight visits a fantasy land with his fairy bride by night and suffers loneliness in his pokey room by day. xy`T?~d2$$d0InIHH AP(F0,(n}Zl]UQs}Ns{ywe Provide key and Roman Numerals for all chords. The singer must deliver Heines alliterative text, rippling with liquid consonants, in a breathless, hyperexcited state. does not print then try setting the printer to "fit to page" 0000002432 00000 n the beat, and especially three low forte chords in the depth at the end suggests Download Free Roman Numeral Analysis Of Mozart Sonata K284 Roman Numeral Analysis Of Mozart Sonata K284 Introduction to Roman Numerals and Figured Bass Notation Neapolitan Chords: The Roman Numeral naming convention works like this. Whether this exorcism works depends on who is singing. And we did. By then, the original twenty songs had become sixteen. The world is seen exclusively through his perspective, and the only thing we learn about the woman is that she is a petite blonde. German Romantic poets tend to wear their heart on their sleeves. One of these paths is the bitter and cynical route, which appears to be the route that the text has taken. Since this song is in A-Flat major (click here for help on identifying keys), we can determine that the "V" chord is an E Flat chord. Leading and Root Progression Analysis, Perfect (V - I) both chords in root position, Perfect (V - I) both chords in inversion This is found in measures 10 and 12 of the first B section and in measures 21 and 23 of the second B section. Through her struggles, Kahlo inspires us to create something meaningful out of the pain that we will inevitably face in life. To study harmony, we need a tool that describes chords and sonorities based on their . Support us on Patreon for a PDF file containing Jason's handwritten notes lessons for "How the Roman Numeral System Works". There are numerous outstanding, insightful recordings by leading interpreters. This book offers a theory of Romantic song by re-evaluating Schumann's Dichterliebe of 1840, one of the most enigmatic works of the repertoire. I can literally remember it like it were yesterday: I was terrified and clutching my red folder like it was my lifesaver in a room where I was drowning. By having each part of a Roman numeral describe an isolated chord tone, we are able to accurately describe any chord that can occur in our tonal harmony system, regardless of whether it has a standard function. This songs text is about taking all the intangible things that this former lover gave the narrator or forced the narrator to feel and getting rid of them by throwing them into an enormous coffin and sinking it down into the sea in a show of catharsis. statements, and because the meaning is quite the contrary it reinforces the end of the section and this is a perfect cadence (V- I) in G (bars 7 to The narrator longs to reach out and touch it, to reclaim all that was just given up, but then decides against it at the last second, and instead walks away and continues on with life. The second strophe is If you think I'm wrong, then you're probably a Taurus (did I do that right?). else if num>=900 && num<1000 then ans+="CM" and num-=900, and so on till num is not zero. Complete a Roman numeral analysis of Mozart's Minuet from K. 458. . Convert each symbol of Roman Numerals into the value it represents. Stay informed and join our social networks! Wenn ich in deine Augen seh. Grab a blanket and a glass of hot chocolate, and do these five warm indoor activities for those rainy winter days. The analysis includes the English translation of the texts and discussion of the form of each song as well as highlights of the special moments of harmonic, rhythmic, and melodic structure in relation to Schumanns setting of each poem. This will make any chill session that much more enjoyable. . He became upset that they had turned the temple into a "den of robbers." Accessibility Statement, Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. This unique song starts solemnly, the descending melody in the piano conjuring up the cathedral bells. It may have been the true? Just one of the biggest stars of the 1950s, no big deal. 1. For instance, she did not begin speaking until she was three and a half years old. How is each of the following decimal values written using Roman numerals: 1988, 1000, 1349? I don't know what made God or the Fates or whichever All-Powerful Being decide that we both should be so lucky to not only know each other, but to share so much of each others' lives by being best friends, but I know I will thank them until the end of my days. It will help us make your newsletter content more useful. The first two stanzas of the postlude, measures 53-58 are almost a direct, musical quotation so to speak, of the piano part in No. The poem has again two strophes of four lines, with each two lines rhyming. printed from www.musictheory.net. to its melodic and cadence structure, rather than attempting to fit it Society tells us that it is more acceptable to be drunk every weekend than cheat on spouses. overlapping seventh chords. Likewise, in Die alten, bsen Lieder, when it transitions from the quotation back to original material at measure 59, it creates the effect that all those whispers of love, doubt, sadness, pining, and memories, are all things that fade from the narrators mind as they walk away. In Music Analysis vol. Salesian Missions Remove Mailing List, Miley Cyrus! Select a song Hint: The list is alphabetical but you can also start typing to search for a specific composer, song, or collection. part changed. 9.4.2 Root Position Triads This kind of analysis was used to give a basic harmonic standpoint. As the poet whispers his physical longing, the piano is all Sturm und Drang, ending in a passionate postlude. This gives the II in C a lowered fifth. else subtract this value by adding the value of next symbol to the running total. In spite of the traps that Chopin sets, everything has been discussed in this text to arrive at good answers. If you have any problems viewing or printing these documents please let What is 5 in roman numerals. Schumann dedicated the cycle to the soprano Wilhelmine Schrder-Devrient, creator of Wagnerian roles and, among the myriad recordings, two classics are soprano versions from the mid-20th century, by Suzanne Danco and Lotte Lehmann. 11. The real conundrum to me is the final chord. Indeed, the plaintive bitter-sweetness of "And . We had the same, stupid sense of humor and bonded over Spongebob jokes. When the song changes to 'Das weiss ich lngst', the harmony suddenly starts to Lastly, the best part is the toppings. But years later, when Schumann sent him some settings of his poetry, hoping to forge a closer relationship, Heine never replied. To denote a modulation, we simply write in the new key and the Roman numerals for the chords below the ones for the old key, at least until the old key is no longer applicable. Two appendices provide information on historic and current recordings of Dichterliebe and the available editions. form Childhood), Op 15 No 1. than just the more typical Roman-numeral analysis) in every situation, not just in the . Bars 22-51: Second Subject in A major (Dominant). Type SHIFT-6 for a first inversion. Soon, weekends can be filled with park trips and beach adventures, but for now, the weather is temperamental, so a movie night can suffice. Padley Gorge History, Between these two slow songs the sprightly Die Rose, die Lilie, die Taube, in which the loved one has become everything to him, demands agility from both singer and accompanist. The second phrase of the second section is an exact repeat of the first I'm so proud that you share all of this with me and call me your friend, that you have invited me into your home and introduced me to your incredible boyfriend. 2 No. Kim K! I dont complain, he repeats six times in Ich grolle nicht, while railing against his beloveds snake-infested heart. Harmonic analysis of tunes is extremely important to the understanding of jazz theory and hence to the ability to improvise. All material now at Chord notation systems. safeway sargento cheese. subtly go from one into another. This work was reproduced from the original artifact . Fax: (714) 638 - 1478. For example, you might say that a composition is in C major, or D . This did not deter Malala, in fact it only strengthened her resolve and influence. The grading for this project: 15% for adherence to graph 15% for accuracy of harmonic analysis Major chords use upper-case Roman Numerals. dichterliebe roman numeral analysis. Elvis Presley! As the postlude reaches its climax at measure 26, there is a flurry of emotion that overtakes the listener in the bars preceding it. Goldman Fristoe Test Of Articulation 3 Sample Report, What's your sign? ; so, at the moment when Heine's poem, "Ich grolle nicht" is the bold attempt of a man to hide the pain he feels in his heart from the woman he loves. georgia forensic audit pulitzer; pelonis box fan manual A good book on a rainy day or with calming music is a wonderful way to take a break from the responsibilities of life and escape into another world. March 4, 2022 in que dire une mre qui a perdu son fils . two sections. Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. In 'es fllt kein Strahl' in m. 14 The Dichterliebe poems come from a section called Lyrical Intermezzo in Heine's successful Buch der Lieder, consisting of a verse prologue and 65 poems. She has been an advocate and fighter for womans rights from a very young age, despite the adversity she has been confronted with. Answer (1 of 3): There are actually various forms of Roman letter analysis, even incorporating figured bass as part of it (known as "Figured Roman"). I knew from looking at you that you were the cool kid in the room, the one who knew what was happening and didn't care about any of it. minor chord: Combine a m3 and P5. Jesus stayed at his home, and all who witnessed it were so surprised that Jesus would associate with a sinner such as Zacchaeus. Regardless of what Robert Schumann preferred to be described as musically, his music survives under the Romantic tradition, and uniquely so with his particular brand of irony and tone painting found all throughout the Dichterliebe. 3 no. Open your doors and your hearts to those from all walks of life; we all struggle with our own sins in many, many different ways. ; Roman numerals identify the scale degree of the chord's root, the chord's quality, and any extensions or inversions the chord may include. When the voice starts with "Ich grolle nicht", the motive is the This Jennifer Kustanovich, SUNY Stony Brook5. In the face of terror and hatred, Malala acts with grace and courage. Garden Grove, CA 92844, Contact Us! 30.2 Roman numerals and simple mixture. moves into g, while the bass goes to E, the fifth tone in the a7 chord. 0000046032 00000 n (and no, that's not a pickup line). For instance, the Roman numeral representation for the aeolian (or minor) mode is: i ii III iv v VI VII - where the case indicates the major/minor status of the given chord. Schumann was insulted. 1-7. The words mock the din of the wedding band, while the piano pounds out a whirling dance in 3/8 time. Home With "And I Love Her" we move still earlier in the songbook to the first of Macca's unabashed original love songs to be released, and an equally early example of a kind of Major/minor key harmonic twist that emerges as a much favored stylistic technique of their's over the long run. Selena Gomez! The poem is full of irony. first inversion. Scroll down to the figured bass section if you want to learn more. 2. This gives the impression that it is a story being told from a memory where the outcome is known, rather than being told as a series of events as they happen. 8). be found in PDF format by clicking below: An analysis outline showing voice leading, root progression patterns She also pioneered her famous Chanel suit thus empowering working women. Syntax: \markup \rN { .list of symbols. } Chromatic harmonies are used only to decorate There were times when when He grew so frustrated with sinners just like you and I. Matthew 21:12-13 is a prime example of this. At age 13 she was married, but left shortly after to pursue her passion for theater as a vaudeville performer. Though this excerpt o ers more chordal variety than does audio example 1.1, ultimately both in t heir own ways project a single harmony, the tonic. Don't forget the Roman numeral analysis of the development section and to label the sections, themes and keys on the score. For example, here's what D major looks like: D major (I) - E minor (ii) - F minor (iii) - G major (IV) - A major (V) - B minor (vi) - C diminished (vii) Flatted/sharp roman numerals are used to analyse scales other than the major . 3 no. The Dichterliebe poems come from a section called Lyrical Intermezzo in Heines successful Buch der Lieder, consisting of a verse prologue and 65 poems. The poem has again two strophes of four lines, with each two lines rhyming. I want to start by wishing you a happy birthday. Last week, we covered the huge concept of Figured Bass. F major is a chord that has the notes F, A, and usually C. Those notes, placed in the same octave, instrument, dynamics, etc., should have basically the same acoustical properties each time it's played, but human perception of this chord can seem to vary dramatically depending on the context the chord is placed in. Contrary to this complex dance the music is doing, the text communicates a simple feeling of budding happiness at the discovery of newly found love and the desire to let the subject of these affections know. As your best friend. Pisces are so talented they don't even need a last name. Zhan, Kailang, "A Foundation for Collaboration: An Analysis of Robert Schumanns Dichterliebe, Op. All of these things have found their rightful place at the bottom of the grand, watery grave given to them lovingly, and almost reluctantly, by the mentally beleaguered and now emotionally drained narrator. There are three basic ways to analyze a harmonic progression - 1) general functional analysis (Tonic, Subdominant, Dominant, Diminished, Chromatic, Passing, etc) 2) Roman Numeral analysis (V/V, etc) and 3) narrative analysis of the voice leading/melodic relationships/general harmonic scheme. Heine's poem, "Ich grolle nicht" is the bold attempt of a man to hide the pain he feels in his heart from the woman he loves. Baritone Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau recorded it most often, five times with five different accompanists. Schumann's Dichterliebe cycle portrays the psychological unfolding of disappointed love. The narrator wonders if they should have let that painful experience become a deeply rooted piece of them, even though they are under the impression that it was unnecessary and they simply got rid of it. The piano postlude It is binary in the sense that it is formally In this context, these arpeggios seem to be the water of the narrators heart as they watch the coffin of feelings they are disposing of sink further and further out of sight. The tenth song in the cycle, Hr ich das Liedchen klingen, is where the tortured sorrow that had been implied before is fully fleshed out and illustrated. But who knows maybe this is just one of his transient moods. in m. 6 and 8 has a rather low tension, while immediately afterwards the tension get pressure through the G7 and goes back to C in m. 19. Finally, in Die alten, bsen Lieder, at over four minutes the longest song, the poet puts his disillusions, and with them his love and pain, in an enormous coffin carried by a dozen giants. As long as there are Lieder interpreters, they will keep performing this marvellous song cycle, and the best of them will have something new to say about it. The texture changes slightly at measure 9, adding a layer of connected notes spanning to measure 12 over the previous tear drop motive. 9EJ^"Czkye_L.E8BrL}T~i)%XQ9rxI1r8iYs_/L.IN~..2]x-]8..OKvtakpO0#]Ot']Nta\P.t4](Ib~({b?[b;1W1}YLi1}QL*'bbzDL1/tb:,-[ The church was intended to be the people of God. chord notational system or the typical Roman numeral harmonic analysis. The final song in Schumanns Dichterliebe, entitled Die alten, bsen Lieder, makes for an interesting end to the intense, and sometimes contradictory, emotional roller coaster the listener has experienced up to this point. The music student who wishes to delve further into the Identify and resolve each of the given chords. ; Uppercase Roman numerals denote major triads, and lowercase Roman numerals denote minor triads. long (bars 9 to 14). She is not only a renowned animal behavioral specialist, but is also on the Autism spectrum. becomes clear that this is dynamic harmony in G major. But, as the location and appearance are described, the narrator realizes that they see the lovers face when they look at the beloved deity, like some sort of twisted nightmare. Whether one prefers more raw emotion and large-scale architecture or is thrilled by perfectly sculpted individual masterpieces, this was undeniably chamber music of the highest order. Heinrich Heine. Provide key and Roman Numerals for all chords. especially in combination with the decreasing doubled bass line just downwards Below is a Roman numeral analysis of All The Things You Are. Formal Analysis!! Email today and a Haz representative will be in touch shortly. Assignment 31.5 Analysis of chromatic modulations: Brahms, Neue Liebeslieder, Op. Structural "highpoints" in Schumann's Dichterliebe. I don't know about you, but I am ready to see a less rigid church, and a more loving church, a more loving body of Christ, instead. The analysis provides a foundation for collaborative skills for the singer and pianist for the study and performance of Dichterliebe. hb```fV yAbl,+51c`L|p!Bo1{U3sF g$N/KE2M!1 If people use Roman Numeral analysis to understand phrases and periods, then Macro analysis would be used to understand form and pieces as a whole. lover. Parse a note or chord name into a Roman numeral representation. Lesson 6a - Roman Numerals in Harmonic Analysis. Instead, he ascribed to a neo-romantic tradition, in which German Romantic composers of a new poetic era that Schumann claimed had begun as early as Bach and was solidified with Beethoven, came together. This is aided by the use of short sixteenth rests in between arpeggiations, which give it a realistic sense of space between tears like the narrator is sniffling, trying to control their crying. They can also be combined with Roman numerals to indicate roots and positions of triads. F7, a7, d7, F7, b7, d7, G7, (D7), G F 7 b7 and ending in the tonic C in m. 12. This can be The same process of overlapping seventh chords as in m. 5-12 is used in f1$tNn1mf1T4_D @#`"``9`3>S# ~ s!J?8u; ]Ckw !5p]CD>Tu%ZWu%ZWu%ZW9&o>D4xJS#G8"IfG8*YxSH_(;_|]A]LqhCcUXxTcUl8'@#`"`@FF)`{\o~q7~[Hn^fql5k37-Ap12 bwm Q G({h.>vn(>O &SO]2(c,.n#H RT~7]Io's*g^&n%yTb AY?nOi:T:/L[[sEM8rp7|7*$f1(\-7qpy70 rk-sBlXkk2678FTjB{9rnpT^$uOPcJH87D:1HfN/> 9S#rT}m*NU+. Baritone Christian Gerhaher and Gerold Huber stretch the cycle out to 30 minutes in a convincing study of clinical depression. Thomas Oliemans & Malcolm Martineau: Dichterliebe; 09 Oct 2020: Pioneers' Recital: Alessandro Fisher & Sholto Kynoch; 01 Oct 2020: Oxford Lieder on Radio 3 In Concert; 23 Oct 2016: Dichterliebe: Bo Skovhus & Matti Hirvonen; 23 Oct 2016: Heinrich Heine; 06 Mar 2016: Josep-Ramon Oliv / Ben-San Lau (Whereas audio example 1.1 occurs at the end of a composition, audio . is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to, Do not sell or share my personal information, http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. I mean, can it get any better than this? Stuart Skelton explores Wagner's shattering song cycle and draws the parallels with. 19. 1 - 5, a very basic tonal progression emerges. Kahlos art was influenced and sometimes a direct reflection of the painful experiences in her life. note in the whole piece as the last note: "Nicht". Consider the triads built on ^5 5 ^ and ^7 7 ^ in a minor key. A music worksheet where students identify each triad using lead sheet notation and Roman Numeral analysis. She teaches women to embrace their own natural beauty in the face of the societal pressures for perfection and conformity. Section 1: Music Composition: Lecture 6 | 28:27 min. me know at contact address. To prepare this writing assignment properly, use the notation guidelines appendix, located at Basic Principles of Music Notation, Semester III.